Haiti is a land like no other in the world. Once a pirate haven, the country was formed as a French colony solely devoted to growing cash crops like sugarcane, coffee, and tobacco due to its amazing soil. To grow such cash crops, the early French colonists began to rely exclusively on slave labor to achieve this end goal. The result was the colony became very profitable for the French Kingdom, earning the colony the nickname of the “Pearl of the Antilles”. However, this brutal system led to the world’s first and only successful slave rebellion creating modern-day Haiti. Years of economic embargoes, political instability, corruption, as well as major disasters have put the country on the backfoot since its inception, but as Haiti becomes more stable, companies and consortiums are introducing ways to export Haiti’s natural bounty and highly prized coffee to rest of the world.
Founded in 1659, the French colony was originally named Saint Domingue, and by 1715, the coffee plant was introduced to the island. By 1788, Saint Domingue supplied half the world’s coffee; however, all of this was based upon a brutal slave system that flooded the island with captured slaves from Africa. These morally repugnant conditions fueled the powder keg that became known as the Haitian Revolution. After fighting hard for its freedom, Saint Domingue was renamed Haiti.
By 1949, Haiti became the third largest coffee producer in the world; however, due to the election of Francois Duvalier as President of Haiti in 1957, the country was embargoed by the United States from then till 2005. Along with political strife, Haiti had suffered two environmental catastrophes. First, the lush mountainous soils began to experience erosion and forest loss, and in 2010, a 7.0 magnitude earthquake rocked the island nation that left an estimated 100,000 more people dead.
Due to poverty, many of the coffee plants in Haiti have been burned down to make charcoal and cooking fuel. The ones that remain are many of the very same plants cultivated hundreds of years ago. That said, a lot of the specialty coffee in Haiti is the Typica variety, but also Bourbon and Catimor. However, because Haitian coffee farmers typically don’t have access to chemical fertilizers and crop disease control products, these plants tend to yield very small quantities of cherries.
Most of the Haitian coffee beans are grown organically on small farms in “creole gardens” high up in the mountains of the country. The use of organic methods is not by choice; however, but rather due to poverty, and the farmer’s inability to afford expensive fertilizers. The beans are then usually wet-processed which results in a creamy body with various notes of almonds and a sweet finish. Because of the similarities to its Caribbean cousin, Jamaica, Haitian coffees are often named Haitian Bleu, both from their characteristic color and the result of farming co-operatives banding together to sell collectively under that name.
This Haitian Coffee is grown in a town called Zombie Desert (named after an urban legend that witch doctors used the area to raise the dead to do their bidding), and it has one of the only model farms in the area. This cooperative, being smaller in size, is able to produce 600 bags of coffee and pay growers significant prices for their coffee cherries. This coffee is Shade Grown which is a rarity in Haiti to have that kind of forest cover. It is grown by a Coop in the Central Plateau region consisting of 75 farmers where the average size of a farm is 1 hector. The cooperative is paid roughly 300% higher wages than the Fair Trade minimum, not out of charity, but for having an exceptional product as this Haitian Zombie scored a 92 in Coffee Review!